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Containers, microVMs, and VMs: where should an AI agent actually run?

ยท 11 min read
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Updated on 2026-10-08. Open Harness is now AGRO. This post uses the current names and commands.

AGRO runs each coding agent inside a Docker container. The agent can thrash around in the sandbox and never touch your laptop. The question "container or full VM?" had a settled answer: the container wins. Last week, I researched the next contender. Should a Firecracker microVM replace the container under the agent?

The honest answer was no. The microVM is not weak. Firecracker exists for a job that AGRO does not do yet: untrusted agents for many tenants on shared hardware. For the job that AGRO does, the microVM fits worse. The research made the case for the container as the default even stronger. A microVM takes away the instant, live-editable sandbox that you get when you point the harness at a repo. The research also made me lay out three ways to box in an AI agent. The three boxes are a full VM, a container, and the microVM between the two. Here is the whole mental model.